This is the second of two sessions covering the use of oral and transdermal opioids for persistent pain (also referred to as chronic, chronic non-cancer or long term pain). Opioids have proven benefit for treating acute pain and in palliative care, however, the use of opioid medicines in those conditions will not be covered in this session. This session covers the use of opioids in clinical practice including opioid trials, dosing, equivalence, switching, reviewing and tapering opioids.